Omens in Macbeth and Throughout History Essays

Omens in Macbeth and Throughout History Essays Omens in Macbeth and Throughout History Paper Omens in Macbeth and Throughout History Paper Essay Topic: Macbeth An omen is an observed phenomenon that is interpreted as signifying either good fortune or bad fortune. (1) Omens are numerous and varied. The concept of order was an extremely important one to William Shakespeare, and to Elizabethans in general. He saw the world as something planned and patterned. In the play, Macbeth, Shakespeare cleverly uses omens as tools to help the audience predict the fate or outcome of key characters. Several of these omens used include the use of birds, weather patterns, blood and even sleep. In todays society, we still use omens, however, they occur mainly in works of literature. They signify a departure from our understanding of how the world really works. We may, perhaps, consider an omen as a sign of what will happen in the future. We mainly, however, see an omen as a source of entertainment. Birds have been considered an important omen in ancient times, as well as the present. There are several kinds of birds that have very different meanings. Each type of bird may be a forecaster of either a good fortune or a bad fortune. In Asia, the crane represents a long life. The dove symbolizes love and peace and to dream of doves means that happiness will be in the future. However, a raven is said to predict death and pestilence. Folklore says that a ravens sense of smell is so acute that it can smell death even before it comes. Also, an owl is considered to be an omen of doom. In ancient Rome, a hooting owl warned a person that death was near. Birds as an omen was and still is a very generalized omen. Within the concept of this general omen of birds, there are minor subdivisions. They include not only the type of bird, but also, the type of flight, their directions of flight, and even the direction of flight in relationship to the observer. Each subdivision, on its own, has a very special meaning. An omen that significantly moves an audience is the recurring image of sleep. A character that is unable to sleep represents someone that perhaps may be guilty of a crime. The inability to sleep is usually a sign of a bad omen. Sleep, as an omen, can be further analyzed in the form of dreams. Through the ages the reasons for the importance of dreams has been mysterious and tied to spiritual significance. Clearly, however, the most significant omens are revealed through dreams. Dreams can be an omen of good or bad fortune. To dream of a black candle may be an omen of death or illness. However, the dream of two white candles can foresee a happy and prosperous future. Today, man is more educated and scientific in their way of thinking. Although we believe in omens, we really dont take them too seriously. Omens are generally seen as a form of entertainment in literature, and in the media. We find the use of omens exciting and sometimes frightening. In Alfred Hitchcocks movie, The Birds, a black crow sitting on a wire, is a clear omen that something bad will happen. Also, in the famous work of literature, The Raven, a bird symbolizes a bad fate. We are told, a bird flying in the house will bring death. (2) Generally, few people take this too seriously. We believe that a white dove brings peace and love. However, we do not base our future on these omens. More important, in todays society, is the omen of dreams. Dreams are said to be the minds way of making sense of various inputs and help, in some way, to forecast the future. (3) Analyzing our own dreams is very fascinating. It is a form of enjoyment to try and figure out what the future will hold for us by breaking apart out dreams. According to Pamela Ball, the hedgehog in a dream is an omen of evil. (4) Seriously, there are few people in todays society that will get upset or disturbed by a dream of a hedgehog. It is merely a fun form of entertainment. William Shakespeares audience, however, takes the use of omens very seriously. Omens are used very cleverly in his play, Macbeth. The purpose of birds is one aspect of nature that symbolizes the theme of omens in this play. When Duncan and Banquo note that Macbeths castle enjoys the good omen of nestling martlets, the audience already realizes the danger Duncan will be facing if he spends the night at the Inverness. This guest of summer, The temple-haunting martlet, does approve. (5) Therefore, the fair omen is to become foul. This can be related back to the plan of the witches at the beginning of the play Fair is foul, and foul is fair. (6) Later in the play, the use of birds is used to reveal the murderer. By maggot-pies, and choughs, and rooks, brought forth, The secretst man of blood. (7) These speaking birds are clearly understood omens to Shakespeares audience. In Macbeth, Shakespeare uses the image of sleep to prepare the audience. In Act I, Scene III, the witches use the omen of sleeplessness as a sign of bad things to come. Sleep shall neither night nor day, Hang upon his pent-house lid. (8) Shakespeare cleverly shows the audience the pain and guilt Macbeth will suffer in the future. Several t imes in the play we see Macbeths insomnia as a sign of bad or evil. After the murder of Duncan, Macbeth complains of the way he and his wife sleep. In the affiction of these terrible dreams, That shake us nightly. (9) Sleep, or the lack of it, gives the audience a sense of the guilt and evil of the murders that take place in the play. In our day, when we use omens, it signifies a departure from the way we know how the world really works. Omens are used as a source of entertainment. But in Macbeth, omens are tools that are used to reinforce Shakespeares perception of the world as an ordered place, in which there is a plan. This is what Shakespeares audience truly believed.

Applicability of Alternate Minimum Tax

Applicability of Alternate Minimum Tax All the non-corporate income tax payers are supposed to be paying AMT. The rule for applicability is that the AMT is payable if: Tax under normal Provisions (as per income tax act) is less than AMT. In this case the adjusted total income is considered to be the total income and tax liability is calculated over it. The other rule mentions that the AMT will not be paid by the individual, HUF (Hindu Undivided Family), AOP (Association of Persons) and Artificial Juridical Person if the Adjusted Total Income is not greater than Rs.20 lakhs. Non-Applicability to LLP’s incorporated under foreign Law Limited Liability Partnerships incorporated under foreign laws are not considered â€Å"Firm† as per the definition given under section 2(23) and are considered under the definition given in section 2(17). So, the provisions of AMT are not applicable to such LLPs. Applicability to foreign firms not incorporated under any Foreign Law Foreign firms which are not incorporated as pe r the foreign country law but fits into the definition of â€Å"firm† as per Indian Partnership Act,1932 is considered firm as under section 2(23). So, the provisions of AMT as per chapter XII-BA are applicable to such firms. The Alternate minimum tax liability is as per section 115JC for the income to be chargeable to tax under India. Rate The applicable rate of AMT is 18.5%, which is calculated on Adjusted Total Income. Further, the final AMT is calculated by calculating education and secondary education cess of 3% on 18.5% and surcharge if applicable. Surcharge is not applicable for LLP. A Table containing steps is included in annexure along with an illustration. The steps and illustration are given in Annexure- I and II respectively. As per the provisions of AMT, the final tax liability for the non-corporate assessees is greater of the tax as per normal provisions and Alternate Minimum Tax (Tax @ 18.5 percent (plus secondary and education cess as applicable) on adjusted t otal Income). Alternate Minimum Tax Credit Tax credit is available against future tax liability if AMT is greater than tax under normal provisions. The credit amount is the difference between the two and can be adjusted or carried forward for ten years from the year in which the credit was earned. From the assessment year 2018-19, the period will be fifteen years.The section applicable is 115JD. Set-off is available when the tax as per normal provision for LLP is more than AMT. The amount of set-off is limited to amount paid in excess of AMT. However, the rules regarding carry forward or set-off are not applicable for education and secondary education cess. Further, if the credit is not utilised within ten years then it can’t be availed later on. Interest is not paid on tax credit availed. Application of other Provisions of this Act The provisions are given under section 115JE and are applicable to the non-corporate assessee to whom AMT provisions apply. This section includes advance tax, interest as per sections 234A,234B and 234C penalty. Key points with respect to the New Chapter XII-BA

Avon Products Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Avon Products - Research Paper Example In order to adapt to the fast changing world that will ensure that it will thrive in business, there are different issues that need to come into consideration so that the company does not struggle unnecessarily to survive (Scheiner, 2008). Changes in an organization depend on differ factors that regulate the different things that cause determine its performance and it may include the nature of business, the change itself and the people that are involved in the change. Various things prompt change and therefore, organizational change can be explained from different perspectives according to different models of change that could be relevant in the organization and its environment. In organization of a company, need for change can develop as a result of increased need change on the environment, increased in the number of workers in an organization or the change of the organization strategy that triggers a change in involvement of different people in the organization to the process of ex ploitation of the environment. On the other hand, a change in the organization may result from a change in the organizational management team, which may mean introduction of a new member or more than one in it. In Avon Inc, there were changes in the leadership of the company in which the chairman’s post came under another person who had different perspective of the business than the former CEO. This is one cause of the change that happened in the company in which different strategies of operation came up for the company to ensure that it regain its success in the business. This meant that the employees of Avon Company had to adjust to the new ways of organization of the company as could be directed by a new management leader, which would mean that all the systems would feel the effect. The new chairman in Avon Inc bore the responsibility to instill different modes of motivation and commitment to the organizational change in the company so that all of the employees could maxim ize on their participation and ensure productivity (Bosworth, 2005). Avon experienced stiff competition from other rival companies like the L’Oreal and Revlon who were being better placed in the market and were taking the advantage of the failure of the company. This triggered change in Avon Company because the rise of competitors in the threatened its profitability and created a need to develop a means to address the rising change in the organizational structure. To respond to this issue, people went into the different issues of implementing the changes in the organization so that it can improve the effectiveness and the efficiency of the company’s systems of productions (McCracken, 2006). Another thing that necessitated change in Avon Inc is the withdrawal of the partnering organization that led to reduction to the company’s potential to win its former customers and this made some customers to defect from the company. For example, the withdrawal of Coty from t he business with Avon Inc led to a reduction in the shares returns which reduced by more than a quarter. This meant that

Portrayal of Women in Dreamgirls 2006 Movie Review

Portrayal of Women in Dreamgirls 2006 - Movie Review Example The plot of the movie is set in the period of 1960s and 1970s. The movie narrates the lives of three young promising and talented African American women who formed a music trio The Dreammates with the dream of becoming famous musical group. The three women Effie White, Deena Jones and Lorrell Robinson were the members of the musical group where Effie acted as the leading singer. The singing talent of the girls was discovered by the record executive Curtis Taylor. He offered the girls to become back-up singers for headliners James Thunder. He worked hard on the grooming of the girls and takes the control of look and sound of the group. He soon started feeling closer to Deena and based upon his romantic interest he insists that Deena should replace Effie as leading singer of the group.They underwent a conflicting situation over the issues of change of group name and substitution of lead singer. The record executive insists that they should change the name of the group to Dreams because this name seems to be more music friendly. Furthermore, he also wants to see Deena as the leading singer of the group. The movie shows the three women having the realization that they have to pay high costs for getting their dreams come true because the fame and fortune come to them in exchange for much higher cost than  their imaginations.  

Challenges Women Confronted in the 1990s Essay -- Feminism Feminist Eq

Four important challenges confronted women in the 1990s: increasing practical literacy, gaining access to employment opportunities at all levels in the economy, promoting change in the perception of women’s roles and status, and gaining a public voice both within and outside political process. There have been various attempts at social and legal reform aimed at improving women’s lives during the twentieth century. Indeed there may be contradictions inherent in the gender agenda of some nationalist projects, yet more and more steps are being taken so women can participate actively in programs especially in the area of the physical sciences. This is an area where women are now becoming more and more recognized. In the nineteenth century there was a struggle to introduce female education, to ease some of the restrictions on women’s activities. Yet more and more, women began to be active participants and many of the earliest proponents of education improved social status for women. They advocated cooking and sewing classes conducted in a religious framework to advance women’s knowledge and skills. Feminists campaigned for increased breast cancer research, more convenient and cheaper contraceptive methods. Research on the physiology of menopause and elimina tion of unnecessary surgical interventions such as hysterectomies, Cesarean sections and radical mastectomies. These campaigns were supported by several advocacy groups. In 1990 the U.S. National Institute of Health established the Office of Research on Women’s Health and launched the Women’s Health Initiative to redress gender inequities in medical research. (Creager & Schiebinger). For the women in developing countries, for example, promoting the education of women was a first step in moving beyond the constraints. The nationalist struggle helped fray the threads in socially imposed curtains. Simultaneously, women’s roles were questioned, and their empowerment was linked to the larger issues of nationalism and independence (ibid). A review of Muslim history and culture brings to light many areas in which Qur’anic teaching notwithstanding, women continued to be subjected to diverse forms of oppression and injustice, often in the name of Islam, while the Qur’an because of its protective attitude toward all downtrodden and oppressed classes of people, appears to be weighted in many ways in favor of women... ...ford while the woman has no choice in the matter. Among some tribes husbands do not sleep with their wives except for purposes of procreation. They do not eat with their wives and children. When the wife brings him his food, she places it on the ground before him so that he will not be contaminated by her touch. He then pulls it toward himself with his foot (Abdullah. 1988). There is hope though for women in this area. More and more women are realizing that they can rectify systemic injustices. They look toward a future when feminist theorizing has a more profound influence on society including medicine and health. This, in a way, is where they are most capable because of their motherly instincts. They look toward a future when the voices of the socially marginalized are fully recognized, and the needs of all social groups are incorporated into a system of healthcare justice that is responsive to the diverse needs of all across the globe. In sum, the overall purpose of feminist issues such as these is the development of a human community that values the health and well being of all, regardless of any impediments to gender and race.

Freedom of Expression in India

Freedom of expression in India Our motherland is everything for us and no matter how far we are from our motherland, we feel connected to our country emotionally as well as spiritually. We enjoy and celebrate the achievements and developments of our country with pride. Whenever we notice any positive development or urbanization, we feel proud to be the part of our country. When we have the right to celebrate the achievements of our country, we also have the right to criticize the negative development and unethical activities.As the citizen of our country we have the right to vote and elect the person who we trust for the welfare of common public and the country. Any country is represented by its people and every citizen is crucial and important as we all unite together and establish a wonderful nation. When we notice that our politicians are doing something really great for our country , we reward them by reelecting them in coming elections , we make them our favorite leader and we o ften spread there songs of victory to our friends and society . The political leaders are answerable to us, there accountability and there behavior depends on there actions.We people are also bound by rules and regulations, law and order should be applicable for everyone. Law and order is impartial and genuine, the culprit gets punishment and the innocent gets rewards. Well things should be under control of law and we all have to work positively for the progress of our nation. But things become artificial when the law and order favors the influential and powerful people, besides committing thousands of mistakes the powerful culprits are not punished and on the other hand the common man is punished every single second for his one mistake.Thousands of cases of powerful businessmen and politicians are pending and files are closed with the token of money but still the common man has no right to raise his voice against corruption. The media groups and big media houses are also powerful a nd influential and they have the power to expose and disclose the corruption and the corrupt people but are they really doing justice to the common people? Well common man can be easily punished for a single remark or comment as the common man is powerless and the right of freedom of speech is snatched from his hands by the corrupt leaders who want to hear what there ears like.On the other hand the media cannot be punished easily as the politicians and the powerful business man are also dependent on media for fame and popularity. Most of the secret affairs and corruption scams are hidden from public, they should be disclosed but again it all depends on media and its working as media is greatly dominated and influenced by the powerful corrupt entities. The common man will remain a common man, he might get thousands of rights in the books but in reality he is born to suffer.

Is Peanut Butter On Your Toast - 1621 Words

Is that peanut butter on your toast? Do you prefer creamy or crunchy? Whichever, you will probably want to stick with the good old butter after hearing this fact: FDA regulations allow 1 pound of peanut butter to contain 150 bug fragments and 5 rodent hairs. What’s this nonsense about? Apparently, the peanut butter manufacturers don t get enough profit to make peanut butter without insect parts, such as rodent hair, aphids, mites, and worms. This goes the same for chocolates and any other cheap snacks that you see in the grocery store. After being informed with these kind of disturbing facts, will you throw your mouth-watering peanut butter toast on the ground and grab a jar of honey, or will you accept this hard reality and continue eating your toast? I am the kind of a person who goes with the latter idea and just finish my peanut butter toast and be happy about the new knowledge that I have acquired. It’s a choice between being happy and dumb or smart but miserable. Yet, I don t think ignorance is bliss and its better to be intelligent and miserable, although some people like me don t even get miserable and bothered by those informations. For example, a microscopic insect called demodex lives on your eyelashes and mate and lay eggs on your eyelids. Some people might suffer the rest of their lives thinking about demodex on their eyelashes, but I think of it as a fact that you need to go through as you go through life. Also, you will face more difficulties in life thatShow MoreRelatedPerian Braun stated that, â€Å"Savvy athletes know that eating the right foods before a workout can700 Words   |  3 Pagesthat last set of squats.†(Braun) Braun is right in saying this. Not only athletes, but anyone who is exercising should know that before you workout, it is essential that you put some food into your body. However, you cannot just put anything into your body before a workout; you have to put the right food in your body in order for you to have a successful workout. So what should you eat before working out? 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Oh, this knife, well I was putting jelly on toast for your breakfast and I wanted to check on you so I guess that I forgot to put it down.† she said laughing at herself. â€Å" What time is it?† Billy asked yawning. â€Å" It’s 5:00 a.m Mr. Davis.† she said. â€Å" It’s Mr. Weaver.â₠¬  Billy said annoyed. â€Å" Oh, yes I amRead MoreSupply and Demand2079 Words   |  9 Pagessupermarket, and know that the income elasticity of peanut butter is exactly -0.7. Due to the recession, you expect incomes to drop by 15% next year. How should you adjust your purchase of peanut butter? A. buy 10.5% more peanut butter. B. buy 2.14% more peanut butter. C. buy 6.2% less peanut butter. D. buy 9.8% less peanut butter. 42. You are the manager of a popular shoe company. You know that the advertising elasticity of demand for your product is .15. 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The filets are placed in a specially designed rack system that keeps them secure and flat. The key is to ensure that the fillets will not curl as they cook which could cause them to cook unevenly. They are fried in refined peanut oil, which is trans-fat andRead MoreSummer Day - Original Writing1877 Words   |  8 Pagestip toed out to the kitchen (as to not wake anyone else up), scurried into the pantry and made myself some peanut butter toast. After my toast popped out of the toaster and I slathered on some peanut butter, I went and sat on the brown recliner that we have had for as long as I can remember. I happily munched on the toast till all that was left was tiny crumbs. Then after finishing my toast I started my search for my car keys. And man was that a search. I looked everywhere; I looked high on the counters