Just Another Girl on the IRT Essay Example

Just Another Girl on the IRT Paper Just Another Girl on the I. R. T portrays the life of a black teenage woman and her struggles through pregnancy. Unlike other films, such as New Jack City, Leslie Harris film presents a different perspective in which women play an active role. The film emphasizes that women are not the mere properties or possessions of male characters but show an outrageous, audacious, courageous, or willful behavior (Walker). At least during the first part of the movie, Chantel personifies this attitude perfectly. Chantel is highly energetic in character, outrageous in her clothing choices and in the slang she uses. On the subway, for instance, when a young black man tells her that he is an actor, she laughs at him in an excessive way. The man could be telling the truth, but she does not care. She is very smart, funny, cool, and even pretty, therefore she is immensely self-confident. Her attitude proves to be extremely daring and insolent. Sometimes leading to openly rude or disrespectful. For example, this audacious behavior is portrayed when Chantel is working at the gourmet delicatessen. When asked a question, Chantel answers a rich white woman in an impudent manner. She does what she wants to when she wants to, in a mixture of spontaneous outbursts of intelligence and immaturity. Chantel displays a courageous personality when she does not tell her parents about her pregnancy and goes alone to visit the gynecologist. At the end, even her friends are unaware of her hiding it. This could also be interpreted as a sign of her lack of maturity and experience: she is very tough but, when confronted with a concrete problem, Banos she becomes afraid and denies it. Despite her apparent self-confidence at the beginning of the film, her dreams start to fall apart. We will write a custom essay sample on Just Another Girl on the IRT specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Just Another Girl on the IRT specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Just Another Girl on the IRT specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Her willful character is clearly visible from the fist scene. Being seventeen and amazingly smart, she wants to graduate a year early, go to college and become a doctor. Her goals are set. However, her lack of refinement and good manners gets her into trouble more than once. At school, the teacher cannot finish his History lesson because she wants to discuss AIDS instead. Because of this outburst, Chantel is sent to the principal He insists that she should behave more like a young lady and that she is not ready for college yet. Chantel tells the camera, in a close-up monologue, that she is ready and that, as she has good grades, there is nothing the principal can do. This is yet another example of Chantels willful attitude. Her goal of becoming a doctor shows her will to gain knowledge. Even though she is smart, Chantel, like her friends, is ignorant about birth control. They have a discussion on a park bench in which ridiculous ways of avoiding pregnancy are discussed. This scene is potentially a reflection on the misguided beliefs that many teenagers have. Chantels monologues through the movie constitute a technique used to directly address the audience. This adds fun and juvenile spirit to the film, in contrast with some powerful scenes, such as the birth one, add a dark aspect to the movie. It is ironic that someone with Chantels intelligence, charm, quick responses and willful power should end up participating in such unwise, self-destructive actions. In context, her reactions seem reasonable. This is how many people would react to fear and the disappearance of their dreams. This film clearly differentiates between womanism and feminism, and emphasizes the as purple is to lavender analogy.

DNA Testing and Database in the UK The WritePass Journal

DNA Testing and Database in the UK References DNA Testing and Database in the UK IntroductionReferencesRelated Introduction Each individual is marked by unique genetic sequences embedded in strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), except for identical twins [16]. Surprisingly, DNA source can easily be obtained from single white blood cell, cheek epithelial cell contained in the saliva on cigarette butt or chewing gum, or even skin cell found on fingerprint or dandruff. These will then be amplified and the unique markers will be recorded as specific DNA profiles for the donors, along with their details [5], [16]. Mostly the profiles will be loaded into a data bank, such as UK National DNA Database . DNA database and testing contribute the highest confidence and faster process in identification, especially in forensic and crime [3], [16], [9]. The DNA sample will be recovered from a crime scene and then be profiled to find a match in the database just in 15 days [3]! UK is the most tolerant in DNA testing’s protocol [13]. Proud to say, it is the world’s biggest store of DNA profiles [15]. Besides, UK once aimed to sample one in every 15 people [5], [10]. It is not rare to see the whole citizens in a particular area are asked to have their DNA tested for murder investigation, as happened in Leicester and Bristol [9], [1]. However, the eagerness is feared that it may assault the public’s privacy [14]. They afraid to be accused by crime they did not commit, just because their DNA has ‘present’ at the crime scene [14], [16]. Plus, the DNA sample can be collected from other location and placed at the crime scene, except for blood which is ‘non-mobile’ [2], [8]. Surprisingly, tremendous DNA samples of human are kept secretly and collected actively which is possible to cause random sampling from the public [5]. DNA theft is referred as a process of examining and screening of someone’s genetic material without his permission [3]. A more comprehensive legislation has been proposed in UK to protect the genetic privacy and limit the access to DNA information [14]. However, this so-called act does not apply to DNA testing by law-enforcement agencies and upon genetic material left in a crime scene [13].   Will DNA database be sentenced to ‘freeze’? (Picture from [14]) Due to its success, DNA sampling is suggested to be done as early as at birth stage and used to modernise the registration of birth, death and marriage [7], [16]. However, the former idea has been criticised because contribution of DNA database in accuracy of crime justification can still be argued [12]. Good example, Stephen Snowden was caught for stealing a bottle of whisky and had his genetic sample be taken. After that, a DNA testing had associated him with a rape case, causing him to be jailed innocently [5]. Another case was a Parkinson patient named Raymond Easton. He was accused in a burglary case just because of his DNA matched with the one obtained from the crime scene. Nonetheless, his case can only happen once in 37 million chances. Thus, Britain’s Forensic Science Service has upgraded the standard identification of 6 DNA sites to a more powerful 10 sites. This limits the possibility of finding two persons being matched randomly to one in a billion [5]. Guidelines have been proposed to protect the genetic privacy especially emphasis upon disposal of DNA samples after it has been analysed [16]. According to Britain’s Data Protection Act, someone who has his DNA been taken for a research has the authority to ask the record to be destroyed after a given time length [5]. This database is also urged to be put under provision of independent party, not the police or even the government, though it may be too costly for poor countries to establish an independent laboratory [4], [12], [16]. Even so, in reality, it has been revealed that mostly, once a DNA sample has entered the database, the donors are unable to stop the unlimited use of it and withdraw themselves from the research or investigation [5]. Even, illegal use of it already occurred for discriminatory purposes by insurers or employers unintentionally revealed from sensitive medical information [3], [7], [14]. It has been reported by internal government in year 2000, that up to 80 000 genetic material that should be cleared, were not, illegally [5].   Good news, early this month, the UK government has promised to clear the innocent DNA profiles, only after European law has declared it as unlawful, though the process will take time [10], [15]. Unintentionally, the existence of DNA database warns the offenders to be more cautious in committing crime. A rapist was found to have all his body hair, including nostril hair shaved off and his nails trimmed [5]. In conclusion, the abuse of genetic information is not something new because science has also been misused for massive killing of people. Basically, pros and cons of the database can only be measured in the future [14]. References [1]   BBC News Bristol. Jo Yeates murder case: MP backs DNA testing. (9 January 2011) bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-12145602 Accessed on 13 March 2011. [2] Bond, John W. Value of DNA evidence in detecting crime. Journal of forensic sciences. 52:1,128 -136 (2007). [3] Bond, JW; Hammond, C. The value of DNA material recovered from crime scenes. Journal of forensic sciences 53:4, 797 -801 (2008). [4] Bowyer, A. Could we trust every future government? Nature. 419: 6904, 247 -247 (2002). [5] Concar, D. Could it be you? What Britains DNA testing laws will mean for innocent people. New Scientist. 170:2289, 10 -12 (2001) [6] Concar, D. Whats in a fingerprint. New Scientist. 170:2289, 9   (2001). [7] Evison, M. DNA database could end problem of identity fraud. Nature. 420:6914,359 -359 (2002). [8] Flint, O. Planted evidence weakens case for DNA. Nature  419:  6904, 247-247 (2002) [9] House, JC; Cullen, RM; Snook, B, et al Improving the effectiveness of the national DNA data bank: A consideration of the criminal antecedents of predatory sexual offenders. Canadian Journal Of Criminology and Criminal Justice  48:  1, 61-75  (2006) [10] Independent Television News. Government to curb DNA. (1 March 2011) http://itn.co.uk/420b09fbaf37ce917db7b71e2271b68e.html Accessed on 13 March 2011. [11] Ioannou, P. Free consanguinity testing for all. Nature 419, 247-248 (2002). [12] Kirby, R. The many dangers of relying on a DNA database It may be convenient for the police, but the use of DNA as evidence is full of pitfalls. Nature. 419:6904, 247 -247 (2002). [13] Laurie, G. DNA theft: new crime in the UK. Nature reviews Genetic 4:8, 584 -584. (2003). [14] Rothenberg, K. H. and Terry, S. F. Human genetics: Before its too late Addressing fear of genetic information. Science 297:5579, 196 -197 (2002). [15] Travis, A. DNA profiles to be deleted from police database (11 February 2011) guardian.co.uk/politics/2011/feb/11/dna-profiles-deleted-police-database Accessed on 13 March 2011. [16] Williamson, R. and Duncan, R. DNA testing for all. Nature 418, 585-586 (2002).

Changing American Dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Changing American Dream - Essay Example Material things like cars and rich apartments and luxury associated with American dream. Since the first automobile was invented it has embodied cultural and emotional values that have become an integral part of the American Dream. The Great Depression, resulted the stock market crash, caused widespread hardship during the Twenties and Thirties, and was almost a reverse of the dream for those directly affected. Racial instability did not disappear, and in some parts of the country racial violence was almost commonplace. Consumerism transformed the American Dream. People received a chance to earn more and buy expensive goods. Their buying habits were transformed and became necessities. The world seemed absurd, because war considered morally right. The events of major importance like WWII, Vietnam War, war in Afghanistan, or minor armored conflicts resulted in desire of people to live in peace. The period of the Cold War connected with Truman doctrine, and Cuban Missile Crisis transformed the dream. President Kennedy played an important role preventing the new World War with the Soviet Union. The invention of hydrogen and atomic bombs caused new sufferings for mankind. The first atomic bomb was used during WWII in Hiroshima.

Joyce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Joyce - Essay Example This darkness that surrounds the photograph brings the mood of gloom. This place lacks any color surrounding it. Not even the buildings have been painted a bright color. It is as if event eh owners of these buildings have no life or fun to look forward to and hence the dark color in their building and surroundings. Anything that is gloomy attracts the mood of sadness and this is what eventually hits an individual after the analysis of the features of the photography. The light at the end of the photograph brings about a little change of mood as the mood changes from that of sadness and desolation to that of hope for the distance future. The mood of hope from the light however seems to be on only a few places, while the rest still maintain the mood described above of gloom and melancholy. Eveline’s tone in the narrative is full of sadness and at times dejection. She is weary of the little town she calls home and of her family as well. Everything in her surrounding brings sadness and pessimism about her life and what it has amounted to. Her childhood home has become empty as the people she knew and grew up with left starting from her mother who passed away and friends who have left for other places. The loneliness is similar to that of the buildings in the photograph which leads to melancholy and gloom. She is bitter with her father for leaving her all alone to support the family which includes her two younger brothers and the father himself (Joyce 514). The desolation that has surrounded her home is the same that surrounds the buildings in the photograph which have no ounce of color to brighten them up and which eventually only adds up to the general tone of sadness. Amidst all this sadness and bitterness, she has a window of hope for her future. She wants to leave and get married in another place. There is hope of starting over and meeting new people which not only brings hope but also happiness.

This assignment allows you to determine the specific details about the Essay

This assignment allows you to determine the specific details about the fictitous company in order to conduct an environmental scan of this company - Essay Example The two owners take care of the managerial aspects of the business, including financial forecasting; accounting and dealing with suppliers and buyers (there are no other salaried employees). Right now the business is facing great competition from rival manufacturers. As the operation is relatively small, producing only 6,000 units of output per month, they cannot enjoy economies of scale that are available to larger manufacturers, these manufacturers also have more clout over their suppliers (or have integrated backward operations) allowing for a lower cost of raw material which translates into lower prices for their customers. Similarly, challenging is the inflow of imported manufacturing parts from economies like China, Japan and Germany which can compete at prices lower than local prices. Government policies enhancing free trade and lowering of trade quotas means that without legislative protection, they have to introduce more efficient and effective ways of processing if the business is to remain afloat. The relative competitiveness in the market along with threat of new (more powerful) entrants will decide whether the business can continue to run or will have to be shut down. With the recession of 2008, the economy took a severe downturn and because of financial security concerns, the banks were reluctant to hand out loans to small businesses. The two partners started their business on self finance and in order to introduce new technology or managerial staff to run their business they will need more resources than they have on hand. Their focus for the past few months has been to form strong relationships with their current customers, including car dealerships, repair shops and the used car market, through strategic marketing and PR platforms. But at the moment they cannot gain customers in the car manufacturing sector as they don’t have the capacity to bring in large orders of

Douglas MacArthur Background

Douglas MacArthur Background Peter Liu Douglas MacArthur, a famous military strategist in the United States, He served as commander of the US Far Eastern Army during the Second World War, and commander of the Allied Commander of the Southwest Pacific Theater. MacArthur is the youngest brigadier of the United States, the youngest president of the West Point, the youngest Army chief of staff in the history of the US Army, and the three youngest experience is the Wizards in the history of American war.(Douglas MacArthur. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2017.) So Douglas MacArthur is a good general, because he lead the USA to win the WWII, by using his clear mind. MacArthur is an outstanding and controversial general in American history, and he has received more praise and criticism than other American generals. In the second world war dazzling star, he is neither as easy as Eisenhower, nor as bold as Barton. He is a very complex and colorful personality. January 26, 1880, was born in the United States Arkansas small town of 30 kilometers south of a military family. His father Arthur MacArthur II highest served as the US Army Samsung Lieutenant General, he was inspired by MacArthur to become a soldier.(MacArthur: the youngest principal of the West Point, the youngest chief of staff of the US Army. MacArthur: the youngest principal of the West Point, the youngest chief of staff of the US Army. Np, nd Web. 09 Mar. 2017.) In 1899, MacArthur was admitted to the US Army Officer School (West Point). During the school both hard study, but also focus on physical exercise. 4 years later to 98.43 points of graduation, the record of the West Point of the schools graduation score record (this record has not been broken), was appointed Engineering Corps second lieutenant; April 20, 1904, promoted to engineering lieutenant. In June 1919, 39-year-old MacArthur was appointed president of the West Point, became the school since the schools youngest principal. He always responsibility honor the country as the motto of the school. School gymnasium at the top, stood a plaque, engraved with his sentence above: Today, in the friendly site sowing under the seeds, tomorrow, will be harvested on the battlefield fruit! On April 19, 1951, in a farewell speech before the congressional meeting, a speech was made Veterans never die, just fade away.I am about to end the fifty-two years of military career. I am the army before the beginning of this century And this is my childhood hope and dream of the realization of the past, I have been in the West Point military academy since the oath, the world has changed many times, and my hope and dreams have long gone, but I still remember the most popular A soldier, proudly declaring Old soldiers never die, they just fade away.(http://tieba.baidu.com/p/2120831047 N.p., n.d. Web.) Throughout the life of MacArthur, unlike any other general in American history, his life is full of legend. He was the youngest brigadier of the US military in the First World War, and later became the youngest of the US military and the youngest army chief of staff; he was the only one to participate in the First World War, the second world War and the Korean general of the Korean War. At the same time, he is also the most influential Americans in the Pacific.As a graduate of West Point, he received the highest rank of the student team and graduated with the highest grade. Since then, he has won many firsts in his career. He was fortunate enough to serve the army staff, in Mexico   brave performance once; was fortunate as Rainbow Division chief of staff to France bravely showed some, became the youngest of the US brigadier. After the first world war, he is a meteoric rise: 1919 to become the youngest West Point school principals, so rigid, facing the collapse of the West Point was new; in 1925 to become the youngest army lieutenant, has served as the commander of the third army Philippine US military commander; in 1930 to become the youngest army chief of staff, for the US military to build it strong. (Who is the highest military officer of the United States in the Philippines during the war? Baidu knows. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Mar. 2017.)During his stay in the Philippine military adviser, he once withdrew from the US military, but became the only American who was awarded the title of Marshal. February 3, 1946, MacArthur instructed the Allied headquarters to draft a sample of the Japanese constitution. The US government issued the Constitutions guidelines in September 1945 to MacArthur that the Japanese government must be absolutely empowered by all voters and accountable to all voters. On May 3 the Allies submitted a draft constitution. On October 7, the Japanese parliament passed the constitution. On November 3, Japan promulgated a new constitution. (MacArthur Was Appointed President Truman President of the Allied Forces in Japan. N.p., n.d. Web.)This is a constitution by the occupiers from the aliens by the Westerners according to Western values according to the Western set imposed on the set of accustomed to the East, but to the people of the conquered nation of the occupied nation Has brought the constitution of the rule of democracy and freedom, brought a peaceful and prosperous constitution, brought a happy constitution. If Mike Arthur was an all-powerful military commander on the battlefield, he was a vigorous reformer in politics, even though Roosevelt had said he was not a good politician, even though he was running for three times. Most of the people who studied him thought that the greatest performance he left to future generations was that he succeeded in moving Japan from feudal militarism to modern democracy. During the occupation of Japan, he turned the authority of the emperor into his own hands, using authoritarian dictatorship to keep Japan out of feudal autocratic dictatorship. (World War II, man of the situation. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Mar. 2017.)At this point, MacArthur was regarded as a visionary hero, he imposed bourgeois democracy in the Japanese, thus creating the post-war new Japan. He has also succeeded in suppressing the largest mass movement in Japanese history and is committed to building Japan into a anti-communist dam. This anti-communist consciousness is most prominently reflected in his attitude towards the Korean War, and this attitude from beginning to end about his thinking and action. He sees the Korean War as a great decisive battle against the wave of communism, which concerns the interests and destiny of the United States in Asia and the world, and is related to the life and death of the whole capitalist world, so it can only fail and fail. Based on this understanding, he actively contributed to the interference of the Korean civil war, anxious to send troops to launch a series of offensive, and strongly clamor to the war to China. The country was welcomed by an unprecedented heroic triumph and published his famous farewell speech at the Capitol Hill. After that, although he was to reproduce the glory and toss for a while, but after all, is the sunset sunset, the remaining light in the gradual disappearance, and ultimately engulfed for the darkness. MacArthur is the youngest brigadier of the United States, the youngest president of the West Point, the youngest Army chief of staff in the history of the US Army, and the three youngest experience is the Wizards in the history of American war.(Douglas MacArthur. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2017.) January 26, 1880, was born in the United States Arkansas small town of 30 kilometers south of a military family. His father Arthur MacArthur II highest served as the US Army Samsung Lieutenant General, he was inspired by MacArthur to become a soldier.(MacArthur: the youngest principal of the West Point, the youngest chief of staff of the US Army. MacArthur: the youngest principal of the West Point, the youngest chief of staff of the US Army. Np, nd Web. 09 Mar. 2017.) I am about to end the fifty-two years of military career. I am the army before the beginning of this century And this is my childhood hope and dream of the realization of the past, I have been in the West Point military academy since the oath, the world has changed many times, and my hope and dreams have long gone, but I still remember the most popular A soldier, proudly declaring Old soldiers never die, they just fade away.(http://tieba.baidu.com/p/2120831047 N.p., n.d. Web.) After the first world war, he is a meteoric rise: 1919 to become the youngest West Point school principals, so rigid, facing the collapse of the West Point was new; in 1925 to become the youngest army lieutenant, has served as the commander of the third army Philippine US military commander; in 1930 to become the youngest army chief of staff, for the US military to build it strong. (Who is the highest military officer of the United States in the Philippines during the war? Baidu knows. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Mar. 2017.) The US government issued the Constitutions guidelines in September 1945 to MacArthur that the Japanese government must be absolutely empowered by all voters and accountable to all voters. On May 3 the Allies submitted a draft constitution. On October 7, the Japanese parliament passed the constitution. On November 3, Japan promulgated a new constitution. (MacArthur Was Appointed President Truman President of the Allied Forces in Japan. N.p., n.d. Web.) During the occupation of Japan, he turned the authority of the emperor into his own hands, using authoritarian dictatorship to keep Japan out of feudal autocratic dictatorship. (World War II, man of the situation. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Mar. 2017.) South Pacific battlefield island warfare, selectively capture the importance of the US military to promote the island in 1941, the outbreak of the Second World War was recruited back to the army, served as commander of the US Far East Army, command the US military in the Western(http://www.docin.com/p-385154133.htmlN.p., n.d. Web. 22 May. 2017.)

Heart of Darkness Essay -- essays papers

Heart of Darkness Darkness permeates every circumstance, scene, and character in Joseph Conrad's novella, Heart of Darkness. Darkness symbolizes the moral confusion that Charlie Marlow encounters, as well as the moral reconciliation he has within himself while searching for Kurtz. Marlow's morals are challenged numerous times throughout the book; on the Congo river and when he returns to Brussels. Charlie Marlow characterizes the behavior of the colonialists with, "The flabby, pretending, weak-eyed devil of a rapacious and pitiless folly," (25). Marlow distinguishes "the devil" from violence, greed, and desire. He suggests that the basic evil of imperialism is not that it perpetrates violence against native peoples, or that it is motivated by greed. But that "the flabby, weak-eyed devil," the imperialists, seem to be distinguished by being foolish and unaware. Marlow is appalled by the apathetic attitude towards the sight of death, of the colonials aboard the Nellie. At the grove of the first station, Marlow is troubled by the sight of a man curled up, dying. "I saw a face near my hand†¦black bones†¦white flicker in the depth of the orbs, which died out quickly," (27). Marlow's horror at the grove suggests that the true evils of this colonial company are dehumanizing and deathly. Marlow offers a dying man a few pieces of a biscuit, and despite the fact tha t he is not particularly compassionate, the situation troubles him greatly. During section two of Heart of Darkness, Marlow's professional skills, morals, and work ethics are contrasted with those of the other company employees. To Marlow, work represents the fulfillment of a contract between himself and the company he is working for. Repairing the st... .... His dishonesty was sparked by having compassion for others. Although dishonesty was something Marlow found distasteful at the start of his journey, he felt no remorse in lying to the Intended in Brussels. It is obvious that Marlow can not fully accept the truth himself, and lets the Intended believe that her husband died with a noble purpose, helping the Africans, and uttering her name as his a last words. Fay Weldon believes that, "the writers who get a lasting response from the readers are the writers who offer a happy ending through moral development†¦." In, Heart of Darkness, this statement holds true. Charlie Marlow goes through a period of moral reconciliation throughout the novella. Instances throughout Heart of Darkness show different sides of Charlie Marlow's morals. It is evident that when Marlow has returned to Brussels, that his morals have changed. Heart of Darkness Essay -- essays papers Heart of Darkness Darkness permeates every circumstance, scene, and character in Joseph Conrad's novella, Heart of Darkness. Darkness symbolizes the moral confusion that Charlie Marlow encounters, as well as the moral reconciliation he has within himself while searching for Kurtz. Marlow's morals are challenged numerous times throughout the book; on the Congo river and when he returns to Brussels. Charlie Marlow characterizes the behavior of the colonialists with, "The flabby, pretending, weak-eyed devil of a rapacious and pitiless folly," (25). Marlow distinguishes "the devil" from violence, greed, and desire. He suggests that the basic evil of imperialism is not that it perpetrates violence against native peoples, or that it is motivated by greed. But that "the flabby, weak-eyed devil," the imperialists, seem to be distinguished by being foolish and unaware. Marlow is appalled by the apathetic attitude towards the sight of death, of the colonials aboard the Nellie. At the grove of the first station, Marlow is troubled by the sight of a man curled up, dying. "I saw a face near my hand†¦black bones†¦white flicker in the depth of the orbs, which died out quickly," (27). Marlow's horror at the grove suggests that the true evils of this colonial company are dehumanizing and deathly. Marlow offers a dying man a few pieces of a biscuit, and despite the fact tha t he is not particularly compassionate, the situation troubles him greatly. During section two of Heart of Darkness, Marlow's professional skills, morals, and work ethics are contrasted with those of the other company employees. To Marlow, work represents the fulfillment of a contract between himself and the company he is working for. Repairing the st... .... His dishonesty was sparked by having compassion for others. Although dishonesty was something Marlow found distasteful at the start of his journey, he felt no remorse in lying to the Intended in Brussels. It is obvious that Marlow can not fully accept the truth himself, and lets the Intended believe that her husband died with a noble purpose, helping the Africans, and uttering her name as his a last words. Fay Weldon believes that, "the writers who get a lasting response from the readers are the writers who offer a happy ending through moral development†¦." In, Heart of Darkness, this statement holds true. Charlie Marlow goes through a period of moral reconciliation throughout the novella. Instances throughout Heart of Darkness show different sides of Charlie Marlow's morals. It is evident that when Marlow has returned to Brussels, that his morals have changed.

Lord of the Flies Notes by William Golding Essay

The Setting A deserted island which is describe as a tropical paradise, and with a scar, a lagoon and a beach. It was shown by the appearance that the island was presented as beautiful as the garden of Eden. On the other hand, evilness and danger were hindered and were shown through different sentence throughout the chapters. B.The Plot †¢Exposition (Conflicts, confrontation, chaos) In the middle of a war, a plane with a group of British schoolboys was shot down over a deserted island. Two boys, Ralph and Piggy, found a conch shell, and Piggy suggested that it could be used as a horn to call for the other boys. Once all the boys were there, they decided to elect a leader. They chose Ralph as their leader, and Ralph appointed Jack to be in charge of the choir boys who would be hunting for food. Ralph thinks that they must light a fire by using Piggy’s glasses so to attract the attention of passing ships, hoping that someone would see the fire and save them. The boys succeed in making a fire, but it burned down quickly because no one was watching the fire. Jack thinks that Ralph shouldn’t be the leader and Jack forms a new tribe. †¢Climax The boys thought that there was a beast in a cave on the island, and none of them dared to go in to find out who or what the beast actually was. Simon was brave, and he found out that the true identity of the beast was actually a dead parachutist. He planned to run down to the beach to tell the rest of the boys, but he ran into the middle of Jack’s tribe’s gathering and they thought that Simon was the beast. They ended up killing Simon. The next morning, Piggy realized that Jack’s tribe had stolen his glasses, so Ralph and Piggy went to find Jack’s tribe and ask for the glasses back. But they refused and Roger rolled a boulder down a mountain and killed Piggy. †¢Resolution Ralph knew that Jack’s tribe would be finding him, hunting him down. So Jack told his tribe to light the entire forest with fire to scare Ralph out of his hiding place. When Ralph saw the fire, he immediately ran towards the beach and fell down because he was tired. Ralph looked up and saw a British naval officer. Ralph cries in the end because of his loss. C.The Characters Ralph One of the main characters / main protagonist Elected leader He was responsible of the well-being of all the other boys in the story ï  µHe the one and only boy who could still remain civilized and rational at the end of the story Piggy The smart one/ the most intelligent one His glasses is the key to making the fire Made fun of because of his weight and outlook The outsider Was killed by the stone Jack Leader of choir boys / hunters Main antagonist Longs for total power He is rival to Ralph and eventually declares himself as the chief Simon Knows the true identity of the beast Was killed Oddball of the group Roger and Maurice The hangman of Jack’s tribe Roger’s Jack’s lieutenant who has a sadistic streak. Maurice was Roger’s henchman Kills Piggy Same and Eric / Samneric Twins Loyal Seemed to be the boys who† breathed together† and â€Å"grinned together† D.The Themes Civilization V.S. Slavery Ralph (Order) V.S. Jack (Wanting for power) Civilized, mannered, English boys V.S. Brutal, wild Loss of Innocence Boys were supposed to be innocent, but they were brutal Crowd Mentality Good and evil The conch group V.S the savages The boys V.S terrifying beast Attemps at rescue from a passing ship V.S imprisonment on the increasingly chaotic island E.Read the Introduction and answer the following questions: 1.How was the novel inspired by Coral Island? Both stories’ plots are about boys being stranded on a deserted island. In â€Å"Coral Island†, the author, R. M. Ballantyne, wrote his perspective of what British boys would do if they were stranded on an island. In the story, the three boys worked together. They built huts, hunted for food and explored the island. They were at first, primitive cast mates, but then evolved into civilized people. â€Å"Lord of the Flies† was inspired by the plot and idea of boys being stranded on an island, but William Golding wrote his own perspective of how he thought a group of civilized boys would react to being stranded on a deserted island. The difference is that in â€Å"Coral Island†, the boys became civilized people while in â€Å"Lord of the Flies†, the civilized boys became â€Å"monsters†. 2.Briefly describe the three parts of the novel For the first part, it’s mainly the background of how the boys got stranded  on the island and the election of their leader – Ralph. Ralph thinks that they should start a fire to get the attention of passing ships in order to rescue them from the island. The second part is mainly about Jack forming a tribe against Ralph and them killing Simon because they thought that he was the beast. But actually, Simon knew that the beast was actually a dead soldier, but he was killed because Jack’s tribe thought that he was the beast. The third part is mainly about how Jack’s tribe stole Piggy’s glasses to start the fire and how Roger rolled a boulder down the mountain, killing Piggy. And about how Jack’s tribe tried to kill Ralph by setting fire to the entire forest, but Ralph was rescued by a British Naval officer. 3.Briefly comment on the style in which the novel is written The author wrote the story in a very straight forward style. There weren’t too lengthy descriptions. The characters and objects in the story have symbolic meanings that show us the main theme of the story. This story is based on the author’s real – life experience with the cruelty and brutality of World War II.

Biography of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, First Lady

Biography of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (born Jacqueline Lee Bouvier; July 28, 1929–May 19, 1994) was the wife of John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States. During his presidency, she became known for her fashion sense and for her redecoration of the White House. After the assassination of her husband in Dallas on November 22, 1963, she was honored for her dignity in her time of grief; she later remarried, moved to New York, and worked as an editor at Doubleday. Fast Facts: Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Known For: As the wife of John F. Kennedy, she was the first lady of the United States.Also Known As: Jacqueline Lee Bouvier, Jackie O.Born: July 28, 1929 in Southampton, New YorkParents: John Vernou Bouvier III  and socialite  Janet Norton LeeDied: May 19, 1994 in New York, New YorkEducation: Vassar College, George Washington UniversitySpouse(s): John F. Kennedy (m. 1953-1963), Aristotle Onassis (m. 1968-1975)Children: Arabella, Caroline, John Jr., Patrick Early Life Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis was born Jacqueline Lee Bouvier in East Hampton, New York, on July 28, 1929. Her mother was socialite Janet Lee, and her father was John Vernou Bouvier III, a stockbroker known as â€Å"Black Jack.†Ã‚  He was a playboy from a wealthy family, French in ancestry and Roman Catholic by religion. Her younger sister was named Lee. Jack Bouvier lost most of his money in the Depression, and his extra-marital affairs contributed to the separation of Jacqueline’s parents in 1936. Though Roman Catholic, her parents divorced and her mother later married Hugh D. Auchincloss and moved with her two daughters to Washington, D.C.  Jacqueline attended private schools in New York and Connecticut and made her society debut in 1947, the same year she began attending Vassar College. Jacqueline’s college career included a junior year abroad in France. She completed her studies in French literature at George Washington University in 1951.  She was offered a job for a year as a trainee at Vogue, spending six months in New York and six months in France.  At the request of her mother and stepfather, though, she refused the position. Jacqueline began working as a photographer for the Washington Times-Herald. Meeting John F. Kennedy Jacqueline met John F. Kennedy, the young war hero and congressman from Massachusetts, in 1952, when she interviewed him for one of her assignments. The two began dating, became engaged in June 1953, and married in September at St. Mary’s Church in Newport. There were 750 wedding guests, 1,300 at the reception, and some 3,000 spectators.  Her father, because of his alcoholism, was unable to attend or walk her down the aisle. In 1955, Jacqueline had her first pregnancy, which ended in a miscarriage.  The next year another pregnancy ended in premature birth and stillborn child, and soon after her husband was bypassed for an expected nomination as the Democrat Partys vice presidential candidate.  Jacqueline’s father died in August 1957. Her marriage suffered because of her husband’s infidelities. On November 27, 1957, she gave birth to her daughter Caroline.  It was not long before Kennedy was running for the Senate again, and Jackie- as she was fondly known- took part in that, though she still disliked campaigning. While Jackie’s beauty, youth, and gracious presence were an asset to the campaigns of her husband, she only reluctantly participated in politics. She was pregnant again when he was running for president in 1960, which allowed her to bow out of active campaigning.  That child, John F. Kennedy, Jr., was born on November 25, after the election and before her husband was inaugurated in January 1961. First Lady As a very young first lady- only 32 years old- Jackie Kennedy was the subject of much fashion interest.  She applied her interests in culture to restoring the White House with period antiques and inviting musical artists to White House dinners.  She preferred not to meet with the press or with various delegations that came to meet with the first lady- a term she disliked- but a televised tour of the White House was very popular. She helped get Congress to declare White House furnishings government property. Jackie maintained an image of distance from politics, but her husband sometimes consulted her on issues and she was an observer at some meetings, including of the National Security Council. The White House announced in April 1963 that Jackie Kennedy was again pregnant.  Patrick Bouvier Kennedy was born prematurely on August 7, 1963, and lived only two days.  The experience brought John and Jackie Kennedy closer together. November 1963 Jackie Kennedy was riding in a limousine next to her husband in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963, when he was shot.  Images of her cradling his head in her lap as he was rushed to the hospital became part of the iconography of that day.  She accompanied her husband’s body on Air Force One and stood, still in her bloodstained suit, next to Lyndon B. Johnson on the plane as he was sworn in as the next president.  In the ceremonies that followed, Jackie Kennedy, a young widow with children, figured prominently as the shocked nation mourned.  She helped plan the funeral and arranged for an eternal flame to burn as a memorial at President Kennedy’s burial site in Arlington National Cemetery.  She also suggested to an interviewer, Theodore H. White, the image of Camelot for the Kennedy legacy. After the Assassination After the assassination, Jackie did her best to maintain privacy for her children, moving to an apartment in New York City in 1964 to escape the publicity of Georgetown.  Her husband’s brother Robert F. Kennedy stepped in as a role model for his niece and nephew.  Jackie took an active role in his run for the presidency in 1968. After Bobby Kennedy was assassinated in June, Jackie married Greek tycoon Aristotle Onassis on October 22, 1968- many believe to give herself and her children an umbrella of protection. However, many of the people who had admired her so much in the aftermath of the assassination felt betrayed by her remarriage. She became a constant subject of tabloids and a constant target for paparazzi. Career as an Editor Aristotle Onassis died in 1975. After winning a court battle over the widow’s portion of his estate with his daughter Christina, Jackie moved permanently to New York. There, though her wealth would have supported her quite well, she went back to work, taking a job with Viking and later with Doubleday and Company as an editor.  She was eventually promoted to senior editor and helped produce bestselling books. Death Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis died in New York on May 19, 1994, after a few months of treatment for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and was buried next to President Kennedy in Arlington National Cemetery.  The nation’s depth of mourning stunned her family.  A 1996 auction of some of her belongings, to help her two children pay inheritance taxes on her estate, brought more publicity and significant sales. Legacy Jackie Kennedy is one of the United States most iconic first ladies, consistently topping polls of the nations most beloved and influential figures. As a style icon, she helped popularize long gloves and pillbox hats, and she continues to inspire couture designers today. She has been depicted in the films Thirteen Days, Love Field, Killing Kennedy, and Jackie. A book written by Jacqueline Kennedy was found among her personal effects; she left instructions that it not be published for 100 years. Sources Bowles, Hamish, ed.  Jacqueline Kennedy: The White House Years: Selections from the John F. Kennedy Library and Museum.  Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 2001.Bradford, Sarah.  Americas Queen: A Life of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis.  Penguin, 2000.Lowe, Jacques.  My Kennedy Years.  Thames Hudson, 1996.Spoto, Donald.  Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis: A Life.  Macmillan, 2000.

The Influence of the Western Culture on the Essay Example

The Influence of the Western Culture on the Essay Example The Influence of the Western Culture on the Essay The Influence of the Western Culture on the Essay Introduction Culture is a broad term which has been described by various philosophers since decades. It has been claimed by Raymond Williams to be â€Å"†¦one of the two or three most complicated words in English language† (Williams, 1976). Different definitions of the term, culture may have distinct descriptive ways and criterion to evaluate human activity. It is important to define the broad base of the sophisticated term ‘culture’, in the sense used later in the paper, to narrow down the discussion on our topic. Culture is a word stemming from a Latin word ‘cultura’ which means to cultivate (Harper, 2008). It is defined by Findley and Rothney as, â€Å"systems of symbols and meanings that even their creator contest, which lack fixed boundaries, that are constantly in flux, and that interact and compete with one another (Findley Rothney, 2006). This is the defination of culture I would be using here on. The authors describe culture to be a system of symbols having blurred boundries. The curx however is to see how do we recognize these system of symbols? The answer to this question is provided by Williams who says that culture can be judged or embedded in music, literature,lifestyle, painting and sculputure,theater and film and similar things (Williams, 1976). These dimensions are common to all cultures. In the foreface of the rapid globalization and the interaction in the past, these dimensions of various cultures are often influenced by each other. The following Paper discusses the influence of the dimensions of western culture to the respective dimensions of the subcontinental culture and vice versa. The subcontinential culture, is the culture refering to the South Asian region which includes the modern day India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Sirilanka. The major influene on the subcontinental cultrue came first with the arrival of the British in India in the early 1600’s. The British brought with them the rest of Western culture customs and traditions. The traditional religions and cutltures in the subcontinent were slowly subverted. The conversion of people from the prevailent religion in the subcontinent played an important role in the change in the traditional culture. The converts to chiristanity were encouraged not only to give up their religion but also their traditions and cultures. A fine christian convert would dress like an Englishman and imitate English behaviour in all things. Thus the converts to Christanity were buoyant to think behave and live like the Englishmen. The English education system was introducced by the then Governer Generals’ council in Calcutta (East India) 1 The influence of the western culture on the Sub continental culture and vice versa Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800 1859), aimed at producing Indians who were English in taste. This progressive system was implemented all over India providing Western education. To the Sub continent people, this was perceived as much more of an enlightenment than exploitation as more people could go to collages built by foreign rulers. It gave them the aura of becoming more civilized, rational and modern by acquiring the knowledge. This is also one of the reasons of no significant initial resistance to the shift in the cultural values (Sundaram, 2006). This extensive educational programs resulted into well read sub continent scholars and writers. In the late 1800’s the literature started to take its turn and produced much more writings in English by local people than ever before. It also gave birth to notable writers such as Bharati Mukherjee and Jhumpa Lahiri. Globalization of the world has had its influence on the sub continental culture as well. In a modern day scenario people are instantly connected and communicating with each other than ever before. The products produced in one part of the world are easily available in the other part and international traveling has just become a norm. The world is very interdependent today and we are living in an era where information travels like the speed of light. While some people might think that globalization is just about making business without any restrictions, it is much more than that. At the same time Globalization allows different cultures to combine and integrate through having common social activists, labor organizers, journalists, academics and many others (Sundaram, 2006). Music, theater and the film industry has also been broadly influenced by the increased globalization. Music has been a center stone of the sub continental background. It has been traditionaly been based on the simple melodies and is regarded as one of the most well-developed systems of the classical world. The classical beats of the conventional music provide the true cultural and the traditional taste to the sub continental music. Later in the 13th Centruy the sub continental music remained under the influence of the Islamic presence. There is a faction who believes that the classic sub continental traditional music dates back to Amir Khusro, one of the singers in the Mughal Empire. The remarkable poetry by some famous poets brought the traditional music to new hieghts. However the first influence of the sub continental music of such kind was widely evident in the 1960’s when it found its way in the form of some extra ordinary play of the sitar (a voiln type instrument) by Ravi Shankar on the famous Beatles album, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band. The sub continental music made its way into the west with the well known players such as Ravi Shankar and Ali Akbar Khan. This was the first time that the Sub continental music started to acquire Western students. The classical music 2 The influence of the western culture on the Sub continental culture and vice versa was brought to the attention of the western world (Manas, 2006). Even today we see traces of the classical sub continental music in the rap songs such as the Indian flute sung by Timbaland. There are other various singers who use the rhythmic Sub continental beats in their music. Ghazals, the poetic compositions that aspire more than do popular film songs to poetic qualities are also very popular among the west: the subject here is usually the loss, memory, and remembrance of love. A prime example of the influence to the west is the famous Ghazal singer Nusrat Fateh Ali khan. He has been the â€Å"king of Qawalis† as he is labeled in Pakistan. Mr. Khan’s popular work (Qawalis/Ghazals) has been a part of international books, series, plays and movies. His famous songs have been played in the famous movie Bend it like Beckham, the TV series Sex and the City and various other international stages. The cultural music of the sub continent has therefore influenced the western cinema and music in a subtle but obvious way (Manas, 2006). This does not end here, the traditional beats of the Punjabi Bhangra dance were/are increasingly being remixed by various south asian Dj’s to add a different intercultureal flavour to the traditional Bhangara. The traditional beats of the bhangra dance are mixed with house, reggae and hip-hop to create a newsensation to the music. These remixes became immesnsely popular in the Uk and the USA by the end of the 90’s. One of the famous bands which resulted in this fusion of cultural music was the Punjabi MC, whose songs are a part of the playlists in almost all the disc clubs in the western society. It is easy to see here how the fusion of the music style in terms of other generes of raggae, Rap or hip-hop attacks the fundamentalism of the sub continental music. By producing such music the artists put the racial signifiers of being essentially sub continental or south asian at risk. Since the bhangra music is a type of music signiying the region of south asia (sub continent), this diffusion of the music with the integration of western elements creates disputes of identity and the ownership of the remixed music. On the other hand however, the remixed veriosn of the bhangra music offers the displaced sub continent people mainly in the USA and the UK a way to express themselves in a western society. This offers them a channel to prove that their remixed version of the bhangra has been an effort through social difficulties and is truly authentic. This does not end here, side by side the influence of the Western Music has also overshadowed the Sub continental musical industry. The Sub continental music has become under increased influence of the western â€Å"rock and pop† culture. This is primarily true for the younger generation who prefer westeren music over the sub continental numbers. The entire process of making music has also been westerenised. The focus now is not on live performances of talent and intruments but more on back stage artificial manipulation of the 3 The influence of the western culture on the Sub continental culture and vice versa sounds which apeal to the changing demands of the new generation (Sabharwal, 2007). According to the Times of India meagazine almost 80 percent of the songs played in the sub continent today are of westeren influence. Aadesh Srivastava, a renowned Indian music director argues that the Indian music has been damaged by the â€Å"cut-copy-paste culture†, whereby the directors copy the theme and the essence of the music to reproduce it with a hint of modification. This â€Å"cut-copy-paste culture† is the reason why we see most of the sub continental music being a sister production of the western music. The traditional and the classical instruments such at the tabla and the harmonium are being substituted by the western invented drums and violins, explains the contemporary musicians like Vineet Arora (Sabharwal, 2007). He further explains the instruments such as the drums and the Violin, â€Å"†¦are easier to operate and learn so we’ve never felt the need to introduce sun continental instruments in our band† (Sabharwal, 2007). The influence of the Western culture to the Sub continental culture is carried forward by the powerful media, films and theater widely active in both regions. Western media culture has created major inroads in the sub continental film industry through Hollywood influencing Bollywood and Lollywood. The sub continent youngsters now are increasingly challenging the traditions and norms of the society. This is the result of the trend of western elements taking part in the Sub continental films, such as Rachel Shelley in Lagaan. The sub continental films are trying to raise their production standards to meet those seen by the western films. There have also been a number of films being shot overseas and adopting English in their scripts. This trend can be clearly seen in the Films such as â€Å"Kal Ho Naa HO†. The film has shown explicitly the influence of the Hollywood has on the sub continent culture. On the other hand the films from the biggest film industry in the world, in terms of the number of movie produced i. e. Bollywood, are attracting great number of non-subcontinent origin viewers around the world, especially in Europe and the USA. As the number of western viewers increase there is an increased number of western investments in the sub continental cinema, especially to produce movies which interpret the sub continental culture for western viewers. Some prime examples of this are the movies such as â€Å"Pride and the prejudice† and â€Å"Monsoon Wedding† produced by foreign investment. The Western symbolic icons such as MTV have been swiftly accepted by the sub continent. An example of a TV series â€Å"Rodies† aired by MTV India is noteworthy. This TV show is an on field series of a contest such as the famous American â€Å"Survivor† series. The western impact has also made it fashionable to wear tight jeans and have ideas such as sex before marriage which have not been portrayed before in the local culture. The concept of 4 The influence of the western culture on the Sub continental culture and vice versa nudity is also creeping into the sub continental film industry. Even though the sub continental films are traditionally based on the romantic story based on the idea of love, the movies in the past have been conservative on showing romantic scenes in the movies. The movies like â€Å"Monsoon Wedding† have changed that perception. Such kinds of films are on the rise and therefore have an influence on the audience of the movies. The other source of western influence to the sub continental culture is from the Non Resident sub continent people; these are people from the sub continental origin who have lived in the West. They have been exposed to the western ideas and culture thoroughly. When Film producers such the Canadian Indian Deepa Metha produce films, they are preoccupied with the western influence. Mr Metha produced a film â€Å"Fire† which showed a lesbian love story. This sort of western influence, even though might be rejected by many of the sub continent population is slowly inching into the film industry and from the film industry to the mainstream sub continental culture (papers, 2005). The lifestyle of the sub continental people is also chaning raidly with the major impetus coming from the westeren sources. A late night walk around the milti million inhabitant city of Bombay, Bangalore or Karachi would ascertian the fact that the lifestyle is drifting from its traditional cultural way of life (Michael, n. d. ). There is a shift of the social life in the sub continent. One can easily observe youndsters mingling openly in the streets and consuming alcahol freely (Michael, n. d. ). The dress code has changed swiftly over the years aswell. Saris (a traditional subcontinental dress) are being replaced with the thight jeans or skirts. The brand conciousnes is common aswell is the fast food culture of Mcdonads and KFC among the masses in the urban areas. The â€Å"Public display of affection (PDA)† as Mr. Kamekish puts it, is common (Kamekish, 2007). One may argue that all this is the trickle down effect from what the media projects to the people. All the latest fashions, trends and lifestyle tips projected through the TV screens ans the cenimas is refelcted in the everyday lifestyle of the urban sub continental people. On the other hand the Western culture is also not far from the sub continental influence. The western lifestyle has also been vastly influenced by the sub continental culture. The golorious influences of the designers industry has kept the western fashion indusry busy. The desginers such as Jean Paul Gautier and Alexander McQueen have vastly included sub continental designs into their collections portfolio. Gautier infact has dedicated a whole collection called the â€Å"Indian Chiaroscuro†, which reflects the traditional designs of the Sub 5 The influence of the western culture on the Sub continental culture and vice versa contienent (Karthik, 2005). The international fashion icons such as Giorgio Amrani, Valentino, Christian Lacroix and Emmanuel Ungaro are getting the services of craftsmen from India to craft their creations with the artistic hand work embroidery to vie in the international market. The other major example of the cultural influence is the famous Pashimina shawls. These pure silk hand knitten pieces of cloth have been a desire of many women around the world. The cultural influence does not end in the clothing industry. The other fashion brands such as Cartier have also been prejudiced by the sub continental culture. The traditional carved coloured stones and the hand work on the precious jewels stemming from the persian and Indian decorative design have been extensively used in the products displayed by Cartier (Karthik, 2005). The influence of the sub continental lifestyle in the fashion industry has cetianly produced some remarkable pieces of art and fashion. Other than this the traditional artefacts produced in the sub continent have been increasingly finding their way into the western homes. The famous Indian poterry and the traditional hand weaven carpets have made huge inroads in the shops around the western world. The cultural influence of the western world in the form of sculpture and architecture has had a long lasting effect on the sub continent. The European colonisits brought the new concept of the western sculuptural art to india. They were very affluent in the Neo-classical, Romanesque, Gothic and Renaissance style of sturctural design. The initial sturctures built by the colonists were warehouses and walled trading posts aswell as forted townships along the costline (India Net Zone, n. d. ). The St. Francis Church, built by Portuguese in 1510, is regarded as the first church built by Europeans in India. The Portuguese were first to built the forts like Castella De Aguanda near Mumbai. They added fortification to the Bassein fort built by Bahadur Shah, the Sultan of Gujrat, in 1532 AD (India Net Zone, n. d. ). The sub continent architecture also can be seen having some Danish influence as well; the Nagapatnam church in the state of Tamil Nadu in India is the clear evidence of this. Similarly the French influence can be noticed in the Eglise De Sacre Coeur De Jesus or the Church of Sacred Heart of Jesus, the Eglise De Notre Dame de Anges and the Eglise de Notre Dame De Lourdes at Pondicherry. However the impact of the British on the architectural culture of the sub continent was the greatest. They started off by building mainly factories for business purposes but soon they started building courts, schools, municipal buildings and Dak Bungalows, which were normal buildings built by army engineers. The most well known architects of that time designed and constructed buildings all over the sub continent. Many of the structures erected were a derivative of the famous buildings in London and other places in England. For example, the 6 The influence of the western culture on the Sub continental culture and vice versa church of St. John at Calcutta, built in 1787 was a replication of the St. Stephens Church at Walbrooks, the Government House in Calcutta, built by Captain Charles Wyatt was re-sculpted on the Kedleston Hall of Derbyshire, the Indian Government Mint in Calcutta was a semi- replica of the Temple of Minerva at Athens and the Pachaiyappa`s Hall in Chennai was the duplication of the Athenium Temple of Theseus (India Net Zone, n. d. ). The Neo-Gothic style of architecture was also evident under the British rule. The Secretariat, University Library, Rajabai Tower, Telegraph Office all adopted the Victorian Gothic style, similar to buildings in London† (India Net Zone, n. d. ). Another noteworthy piece of architecture is the St. Martin`s Garrison Church in Delhi which is considered as zenith of the British architectural ventures in the sub continent and the Victoria Terminus in Bombay (Mumbai), designed by architect Frederick William Stevens followed the St. Pancras Station, London. The Church is a huge structure with a high square tower and deeply sunken window shelves, which is a souvenir of Dutch and German architecture (India Net Zone, n. . ). There has been a reciprocal impact of the Sub continental traditional architecture on that of the western world. During the late 19th century there was an adept feeling of orientalism in the western societies. Many of the renowned architects of that time felt the need to look at what the sub continent had to offer before working on a major project. It was also common for the young architects to travel to India in search of the mystique and oriental designs the region had to offer (Pochoy, 2002 ). The fascination for exotic styles was foremost ignited by the considerable display of the sub continental art at various international exhibitions around the world. The various artifacts from the sub continent were according to the famous philosopher considered to be of good designs from the people who are faithful to their art as they are faithful to their religion, habits and thoughts which inspired the former (Oshinsky, 2004). Today the structures like the Taj Mahal in India still startle the eyes of most western societies. The sculptures of such magnificent buildings along with others such as the huge exuberantly decorated vases can be seen in the western homes. There are also other influences between the dimensions of both the western and the sub continental cultures which can be classified as food habits, family structures and the use of foreign lingo. The sub continental cuisine has had huge in roads into the western culture. Europe in general and England in particular enjoys the sub continental oriental food through the enormous amount of restaurants easily located all over the region. The amount of sub continental restaurant in England has risen dramatically from only 500 in 1960 to an estimated 7 The influence of the western culture on the Sub continental culture and vice versa number of 9350 in 2007 (Facts, 2008). This phenomenal growth in the sub continental cuisine in the western society such as England provides strong signals of how the western taste is being influenced by the sub continental cuisine. On the other hand the British tradition of having evening tea has been picked up by the sub continental society. The subcontinent consumes an estimate of 900 million kilos of tea altogether which is around 30 percent of the world’s total tea production (Mandal, 2003) (Hasan, 2005) (Isphani, 2003). The family structure of the sub continents is also being vastly influenced by the Western culture. Traditionally it is a norm to have large families in the sub continent. However this culture is changing and the enforcement of the family planning schemes based on the western research are changing the family structure of the sub continent. The empowerment of the women has also influenced the traditionally subdued role of the women in the family. The traditional joint family system is slowly changing into a nuclear family system. The educated class and the new generation have certainly adopted a family structure compatible with the western culture. The influence of language usage from the west has been widely felt. English was the second most commonly reported language to be used, after the mother tongue in the sub continent according to a survey conducted by Annika Hohenthal who included all the top universities in the sub continent in his research (Hohenthal, 2003). 8 The influence of the western culture on the Sub continental culture and vice ersa Conclusion: People today are linked to each other today more than they ever were. The global forces have made the developing world countries to stay in close contact with the developed world. There is a meeting of the global cultures mainly because of the connection created through the television, music, sporting events, the same news, sitcoms, soap operas, theater, corporate foo d chains and the same glamorous lifestyle (Hong, 2000). This is the reason why the current era can be described as â€Å"The Era of Globalization of culture†. Western culture is the â€Å"machine culture† (Straggler, 2008). This is because as the historian Arnold Toynbee said that the mankind has made more progress in the 200 years since the industrial revolution than in the previous 10,000 years. This is the prime reason that the west with its â€Å"machines† is very attractive to the ever developing sub continent. To have a western influence on the sub continental culture is inevitable. To dress like a westerner is a part of being influenced by the â€Å"machine culture†. A villager in the rural areas of the sub continent dresses acts and thinks differently than a person in the urban town center. As the sub continent becomes more prosperous it would keep straying from its traditions, cultures and norms (Straggler, 2008). We should relish the sub continental culture and be prepared for radical changes in the same. On the other hand the western culture is influenced by the sub continental culture as it is something oriental and different from what they have. The aura of sensation and mystique found in the sub continental culture is appealing to the western society. With the â€Å"The Era of Globalization of culture† underway the influence of the sub continent culture on the western culture would also certainly take a steep flight. The influence of the western culture on the Sub continental culture and vice versa Bibliography Facts, F. . (2008, March 3). Facts, Figures Market Research. Retrieved April 12, 2008, from Facts, Figures Market Research: http://209. 85. 135. 104/search? q=cache:zzhZ6LCNLGgJ:www. menu2menu. com/indfact. html+total+number+of+Indian+restaurants+i n+londonhl=enct=clnkcd=1 Findley, C. V. , Rothney, J. A. (2006). Twentieth? century World. In C. V. Findley, J. A. Rothney, Twentieth? century World (p. 14). Harper, D.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words - 2

Leadership - Essay Example luated from its capability to identify the core business objective of the organization and driving all the business aspects towards achieving such objectives. However, before evaluating the effectiveness of leadership, it is important to analyze the origin of leadership. According to Adeniyi & Adeniyi (2010), there is no definite conscience regarding the origin of leadership. It is considered to be a conceptual framework, prevailing in the societal environment that is involuntarily understood across the social and organizational cultures. As the origination of leadership is said to be unknown, in order to obtain an explicit idea about leadership and its foundation, individuals have to rely on the notions and viewpoint of the eminent researchers. Such secondary sources of information regarding the origin of leadership can be accessible from various standard and internationally recognized books and journals. Methodical study of such information will provide clarity regarding the evolution of social and organizational leadership. Considering the evolution of leadership, a large number of theories and practices have been developed over a period of time in order to establish the underpinning rationale of such concepts. Mumford (2006) has identified that in Sanskrit literature, the theories of ten types of leadership was mentioned. Characteristics of such different types leadership depends upon specific sets of dissimilar traits that distinguishes one leadership characteristics from another. King, Johnson & Vugt (2009) are of the opinion that the basis of such characteristics the researchers had developed trait theory of leadership which indicates that a successful leader can be identified by showing his interests, capabilities, and personality traits. In general, in order to become a successful manager, a person must possess certain traits such that the person must be high achievement oriented and should be self-confident so that he can motivate his team in order to

Bernard Lawrence Bernie Madoff Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bernard Lawrence Bernie Madoff - Assignment Example For years MR. Madoff complied with paying dividends to investors, but under false assumptions. The deception that was occurring was unethical behavior. The third type of illegal behavior associated with this scam was that Madoff’s company was not complying with the generally accepted accounting principles. Not complying with the general accepted accounting principles is a violation of the FASB and SEC mandates. 2. The scam that Bernie Madoff pulled off hurt a lot of different interest groups. Prior to the scandal exploding the hedge fund that Mr. Madoff was operating was an extremely attractive investment alternative for a lot of individual investors and organizations that were looking to gain a profit from the stock market. The hedge fund Mr. Madoff was able to maintain in the marketplace for over 20 years was a tremendous opportunity for a lot of investors. Some federal prosecutors believe that the fraudulent activity from Mr. Madoff began as early as the 1970’s. The total losses that this scheme caused investors exceeded $65 billion. The fund offered investors every year consistently double digits returns, which is unheard of on Wall Street for a prolonged period of time. The Ponzi scheme Madoff operated hurt a lot of interest groups. Some of the interest groups that were hurt by the scam included individual investors, non –profit organizations, governmental agencies, and private corporations. â€Å"If Madoff hadn’t faced $7 billion in redemptions, the Ponzi scheme might have never been discovered† (Lenzner, 2008). 3. There are several safeguards that could have prevented the Ponzi scheme that Madoff created from occurring. The first safeguard could have been obligating the company to reveal the exact composition of the portfolio of the fund to the individual investors on a recurrent basis. A second potential safeguard could have been establishing recurrent audits of the investment activity of the firm by independent audito rs. A third safeguard that could have prevented this fraud could have been more involvement by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the matter. The SEC could have imposed more rigorous auditing standards to analyze the activities of the company. A fourth source of risk management prevention should have been the FBI. Most of the major investment firms on Wall Street believed that the returns offered by Madoff’s company were unrealistic in the long term. The FBI should have investigated this situation earlier. It seems ironic that it took the FBI and the SEC over 20 years to realize it was all a scam. 4. The grand majority of the funds of the hedge fund were invested by individual investors. From an investor’s standpoint the losses could have been prevented or at least minimized by investing only a small portion of their portfolio composition in this hedge fund. A second way investors could have prevented falling into this fraudulent scheme would have been by mandating that Madoff revealed the sources of the income of the hedge fund. Another way the investors could have prevented the scam was by asking the advice of registered broker prior to investing in the fund. 5. The scam that Mr. Madoff was involved